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, by Lydia McGrew
Free Download , by Lydia McGrew
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Product details
File Size: 4341 KB
Print Length: 288 pages
Publisher: DeWard Publishing Company, Ltd. (July 3, 2017)
Publication Date: July 3, 2017
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B073GDF3VZ
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Are the Gospels and the Book of Acts historically reliable? Its authors certainly thought so.For example, Luke stated that his Gospel narrated “things … handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word†(Luke 1:1–2). Far from taking this eyewitnesses testimony for granted, however, he “carefully investigated everything from the beginning … so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught†(Luke 1:3–4).Similarly, John’s Gospel ends with these words from its final editors: “This is the disciple who testifies to these things and who wrote them down. We know that his testimony is true†(John 21:24). The “disciple†was an eyewitness, in other words, and his unnamed editors (“weâ€) vouched for his testimony. As in Luke, the purpose of the goal of this testimony was faith: “these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name†(John 20:31).In the modern era, skeptical Bible critics have challenged the historical reliability of the first five books of the New Testament. They allege that contradictions both within and between the Gospels and Acts — and what is known about the time from external sources — call the plot of New Testament history into question. The defense of the New Testament’s historical reliability has thus revolved around demonstrating that its accounts of Jesus’ life and of the history of the Early Church are internally coherent and externally corroborated by known facts.Lydia McGrew offers a third line of defense in her new book, Hidden in Plain View. According to her, “undesigned coincidences†in the Gospels and Acts suggest that the events they report are historically accurate because they rest on eyewitness testimony. She defines undesigned coincidences this way:“An undesigned coincidence is a notable connection between two or more accounts or texts that doesn’t seem to have been planned by the person or people giving the accounts. Despite their apparent independence, the items fit together like pieces of a puzzle.â€McGrew outlines 47 such coincidences in the book. For brevity’s sake, let me focus on just one. Each of the Synoptic Gospels offers a list of the 12 apostles: Matthew 10:2–4; Mark 3:16–19; and Luke 6:14–16. These lists differ in some details, especially the order in which the writers present Andrew’s, Matthew’s, and Thaddeus’ names. And while Matthew and Mark refer to one disciple as Thaddeus, Luke refers to him as Judas, even though they’re most likely the same person.The most interesting difference between these lists is grammatical. Mark and Luke connect each name using the Greek conjunction kai (“andâ€). So, “Simon and James and John and Andrew, etc.†in Mark and “Simon and Andrew and James and John, etc.†in Luke. This emphasizes the disciples as individuals. Matthew, on the other hand, uses kai to connect six sets of names. So, “Simon and Andrew, James and John, etc.†This emphasizes the disciples as pairs.Matthew doesn’t explain why he lists the disciples as pairs, but Mark 6:7 offers a plausible suggestion: “Calling the Twelve to him, [Jesus] began to send them out two by two and gave them authority over impure spirits.†In other words, Matthew’s list most likely reflects the pairs of apostles that Jesus sent out in ministry, a pairing that only Mark mentions in an unrelated passage. We need both Gospels to see the whole picture.Admittedly, this is a small detail. The historical reliability of the New Testament does not depend on this one undesigned coincidence. Still, the undesigned coincidences pile up, as McGrew demonstrates in her book. They revolve around incidental details, which suggests that they are not the results of a hoax, since hoaxers wouldn’t be so subtle. And while, theoretically, one could argue that such coincidences really are the result of pure luck, only the foolish gambler would place money on that table.No, undesigned coincidences, taken cumulatively, suggest that the accounts of events in the Gospels and Acts have the ring of truth. They agree, not because a trickster designed them to agree (hoax) or because they just happen to agree (luck), but because they reflect the testimony of people who were there and whose reports of detail have made their way into the published narratives.The argument from undesigned coincidences thus adds a third line of argument to those who would defend the Bible’s historical reliability: coherence, corroboration and coincidence. This third line of argument is not new, interestingly enough. It was pioneered in the 19th century by British apologists such as William Paley and J. J. Blunt. Lydia McGrew is to be congratulated for reviving it for use against the skeptical arguments of our day.
This is a fantastic contribution to studies concerning the reliability of the Gospels and Acts. The concept of an undesigned coincidence is not a new one, and indeed, McGrew is acutely conscious and meticulously detailed regarding her ‘standing on the shoulders of giants’. But it is no less important a work for that.Quite the opposite. Scholarship is, for the most part, a communal activity. Rarely is there innovation of huge proportion, absent previous scholarship. We see this in other recent work on the gospels: Bauckham’s recent tome on the Gospels as eyewitness testimony, for all its acclaim as a seminal contribution to the topic, builds firmly on the work of Gerhardsson, Bailey, Dunn, among others.But one of the things that makes this work so important is that, while most seminal academic works are built on recent scholarship (which may itself be based on older scholarship), this work takes treasures hidden deep within the recesses of Anglican intellectual history and renders them indelible. By standing on the shoulders of hidden giants, she presents a way of looking at the gospels which is truly indispensable.An undesigned coincidence is where one passage explains another passage, unwittingly and inconspicuously, without intending to, but in a way which indicates that both passages draw different details from a reality. So, for example, John says that Jesus’ disciple, Philip, is from Bethsaida. In a completely unrelated passage, Jesus asks Philip – an otherwise peripheral member of the Twelve – where he can get bread. Any invention on John’s part would ordinarily pick a more prominent disciple – Peter, or the Beloved Disciple, or even someone like Nathanael – to receive Jesus’ question, so this is odd. But it is perfectly explained – unintentionally and unrelatedly – by Luke’s mention that the feeding of the 5,000 took place near Bethsaida – where John says Philip is from. Clearly, none of the passages contrive to generate this consonance. But it fits very well with the explanation that Philip really was from Bethsaida, and that Jesus really did ask Philip where to buy bread before the feeding of the 5,000. So the coincidence confirms the accuracy of the gospels in peripheral details, an accumulation of which do a great deal to increase our confidence in their general reliability.McGrew gives a deft and detailed exposition of many coincidences of this sort, throughout the Gospels, Acts and Paul’s Epistles, explaining how the overall reticulum of coincidences helps to inform our view of the Gospels and Acts as basically reliable documents based on real, eyewitness testimony – and of Paul’s Epistles as authentically Pauline and autobiographically reliable. Along the way she points to an abundance of extra resources detailing these coincidences. And, though it will not be picked up as a central theme of the book, one of its most charming features is its helpful references to other forgotten works of Anglicanism’s neglected but bejewelled intellectual history in Biblical Studies.This is an important work for a number of reasons: its utilisation of a key forgotten argument for Christianity, its ease of exposition, its persuasive argument, and its uncovering of a whole library of older works ripe for harvesting by Christian academics and defenders of the intellectual underpinnings of the Christian faith. Thoroughly recommended.
This is the best first book on unintended coincidences in the Bible that I've come across. And if you've already read Paley and Blunt, as I have, it's still a great book. It focuses on the unintended coincidences between John and the Synoptics, between different Synoptics, between the Gospels and Acts, and between Acts and Paul's Epistles.It is clearly written and has charts. Point 8 "The Net Did Not Break" in Chapter IV was especially a gem. Also, all the references to books I hadn't heard of are a gold mine. One was J. S. Howson's works which I've started reading now. My only disagreement is it seems to imply on just a couple of pages that lawkeeping by the early Jewish believers was a negative. That Paul paid for sin offerings (part of the ceremony for the completion of a Nazarite vow) would seem to go against this. But this is a minor disagreement to a 260 plus page book that is packed with insights. I greatly enjoyed it.Unintended coincidences not only offer a strong apologetic but also tools for careful Bible study. If you're interested in either, check out this great book.
I love how she schematized the book. One of my favorite chapters is how she correlates the book of Acts with the 7 "conventional" letters of Paul.I would have liked her to expand more and also touch upon how undesigned coincidences prove that Paul wrote his 13 letters. But I understand that she was only focusing on the Gospels and acts.The book has a bit of an apologetics tone but nevertheless it is very fair and objective.Excellent work and very easy to understand. I learned a lot of things I did not know from this book.Great job Dr. Mcgrew.
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